Keywords
Abstract
With an emphasis on self-defense, necessity, and proportionality, this essay examines the international legal framework controlling the use of force. It looks at how the UN Charter's ban on using force (Article 2(4)) and the inalienable right to self-defense (Article 51) evolved from pre-1945 standards like the League of Nations Covenant. The Responsibility to Protect (R2P) and collective security under Chapter VII are examined in this paper. The application and difficulties of these laws are demonstrated by case studies such as the Gulf War, the Falklands War, and the Gaza Conflict of 2021. Although self-defense is a fundamental state right, the conclusion highlights that it is rigorously constrained by the necessity and proportionality rules, which are essential for preserving global peace and security.
References
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